Independent Variable Personal Flexibility - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1243 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 2.1.3 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Personal Flexibility According to Bucki and Pesqueux (2000) flexibility is defined as ability to adapt in both reversible and irreversible manner. In other words, it reflects the ability of individual to remain functioning in a changing environment in spite of foreseeable or not. Furthermore, flexibility is desirable quality that needs to be fostered among employees as it served as guidelines among employees in self-directed teams, multiskilling and pay (Iles, Forster and Tinline, 1996). According to past finding from Heijde and Heijden (2006), personal flexibility was found not related to flexibility of an individual at his jobs level. Nonetheless, employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s flexibility are expected to adapt the constant changes passively that would occur in their working environment (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). In addition, employees with high personal flexibility is found to receive better benefit as well a s increased chances of further development in career as they look changes in ease (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). Furthermore, employees who practices flexibility will possess a greater understanding on how to seek opportunities in changing environment. Personal flexibility has been also labeled as adaptability (Heijde and Heijden, 2006) and has been considered as one of important component of employability by other researchers (see, e.g., Boudreau et al., 2001; Fugate et al., 2004). Individuals with personal adaptability is known to have higher employability as this traits will allows them to identify workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opportunities in both cognitive and affective manners (Fugate, Kinicki and Ashforth, 2004). Otherwise, personal adaptability dedication to both career success (Pulakos et al., 2000) and organizational performance (Crant, 2000). Personal adaptability enables employees to accept attractive and productive in continually changing work domains to employers (Chan, 200 0). Career resilience and evaluating employee experience are ways to assess oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal adaptability especially in the context of job loss (Gowan, 2012). In Fugate and Kinicki (2008) study, career resilience is defined as an individual work which is relevant to self-efficacy and optimism (Fleig-Palmer et al., 2009), and ability to adapt the career situation change (Wolf et al., 1995). According to Luthans (2002); Reivich and Schatte (2002), individual with career resilient tends possess ability to be flexible as they are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“willing to makes changes on themselves in order to keep pace with changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Waterman et al., 1994, p. 88). As stated by Fugate, Kinicki Ashforth (2004) there are five components in personal adaptability define by, openness to change, optimism, internal locus of control and propensity to learn. In addition, Fugate, Kinicki and Ashforth (2004) studies have shown the fundamental element of personal adaptability is openness to change. Openness to change is being keen and willing to accept changes of organizational such as company policies or new system of management. Openness individuals are prone to display flexibility when faced with challenges in uncertain circumstances, such as they are open toward changes events at work (Miller, Johnson, Grau, 1994). According to Wanberg and Banas (2000) states accepting changes will result positive relationship in job satisfaction. In contrast, accepting changes will provide negative relationship on work irritation and intention to quit. Besides holding up the changes will makes employees to be comfort in uncertain environment as well as increasing their competency in different occupations (Barrick Mount, 1991; Costa McCrae, 1992). Next, optimism is second element in personal adaptability. When individual have strong optimistic will perform self-confidence in ability to manage affective and objective challenges and expectation in positive view about future events (Judge et al., 1999; Peterson, 2000). Optimistic employees are likely to perceive many opportunities in the organization (Carver Scheir, 1994), to achieve of desired goals and outcome, and to determine changes of career as challenges (Scheier Carver, 1992). Third element in personal adaptability is internal locus of control. Internal locus of control is individual is based on own work and control their life. Employee in internal are more adapt to work environment and make smoother on work role transition (Wanberg Banas, 2000). Employees are more likely to handle in efforts of proactive during change work environment and to state to try hard to improve situation in the life (Gould, 1979). Employees work with internal locus of control are more employable and adaptable, because employees to be proactive and plan in different situation. Next element in personal adaptability is propensity to learn. For example, employees with proactive efforts will have high employability are always to try to learn more about opportunities and threats of the environment. When high employability, employees will to learn what skill and experience are required and what jobs are available in work environment. Employees able to compare opportunities of market with personal interest and profile. Learning is central both to meeting ever-changing demands and to initiating beneficial change. Dispositions, motivations and attitudes are about learning are significant contribute to an employees employability and personal adaptability (Fugate, Kinicki Ashforth, 2004). 2.2.2 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Personal Flexibility Figure 2.2: A competence-based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability Adapted from: Heijde, C. M. V. D., and Heijden, B. I. J. M. V. D. (2006). A competence-based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability. Human Resource Management, 45(3), 449 -476. The research Heijde and Heijden (2006) aim to examine the relationship among the independent variables occupational expertise with dependent variable which is competence-based of employability. Occupational expertise discuss include (1) anticipation and optimization, (2) personal flexibility, (3) corporate sense and (4) balance. The framework showed that all the independent variables are significant to influence the competence-based of employability. Employability is a key requirement for applying both career success at the individual level and sustained competitive advantage at the firm level. According to study Van Dam, (2004), highly employable employees are require for organization in order to satisfy fluctuating demand for functional and numerical flexibility. Employability enables fast-changing job requirements in organization cope by employees. 2.4.2 Personal Flexibility As Fugate et al. (2004) argues, individual that are personal flexibility and willing to changes and adaptable, ultimately more employable. Accordingly, individuals whom are personal flexibility tend to perceived this study individuals are employable as they are willing to accept challenges at work. Therefore in our study, hypotheses were formed between personal flexibility and employability: H0: There is no significant relationship between personal flexibility and employability. H1: There is a significant relationship between personal flexibility and employability. Personal flexibility is adaptability to change in work environment (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). In study Fugate, Kinicki and Ashforth (2004) personal adaptability has one fundamental element which is openness to change as it enables realization of being optimistic to new experiences and career opportunities. Personal flexibility is positively relationship with employability. Heijde and Heijden, (2006) argue employees with high level of personal flexibility are significant in helping themselves to get further career development. Employees can have greater benefit from distinct experiences since employees are accepting changes of organization (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). Then in another study by McCartt and Rohrbaugh (1995), open individuals are found to take changes as a new challenge rather than a threat, and welcomes new processes and technologies (Fugate et al., 2004). OConnell, McNeely Hall, (2008) when employee has easily to adaptability in work environment is lead to high confidence and optimism may help further career success. Employee with high level of self-confidence can affect effort and objectives, confidence in the transferability and currency of personalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skill which is increase personalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to suit to changing circumstances. When in marketability, as an employees confidence of skills increase, so that both confidence and competence to adjust in changing situations should be stronger. Fugate (2006) also argued that pos itive self-evaluations will lead to positive attitudes and optimism, thus fostering positive expectations about future events. In other words, career resilience will to improve employee confidence of abilities to manage changes and challenges in their workplace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Independent Variable Personal Flexibility" essay for you Create order

A Brief Exploration Of Various Ancient Greek Beliefs...

Introduction Ancient Greek civilization was an era when many political, artistic, and philosophical ideologies were born. While facing several hardships, Greece prevailed to make many discoveries which would be adapted by the western civilization. At the time no one knew the influence their developments would have on the world. Much of the ancient Greek civilization has lived on either directly or through transformations within different countries to our day. The following paper will be a brief exploration of various ancient Greek beliefs towards family life, education, women, wealth, children, and the treatment of slaves. Family Life Over the course of history, women were always looked upon as unequal to men. The Athenians did not consider their women to be citizens and had fewer rights than men. 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A Greater Extent Than Males Free Essays

Why are sexually transmitted diseases more likely to affect females to a greater extent than males? †¢ Sexually transmitted diseases are more likely to affect females to a greater extent than males because they expose a greater surface area of mucous membrane during sexual contact. Why is a woman more likely to get an STD from an infected male than a male is to get it from an infected female? †¢ A woman is more likely to get an STD from an infected male than a male is to get it from an infected female because females expose a greater surface area of mucous membrane during sexual contact than males. Why is a woman less likely to show symptoms of an STD than is a male? †¢ Women are less likely to show symptoms because the infected area is not easily seen and the urethra is less likely to be infected, so there is a less chance of pain. We will write a custom essay sample on A Greater Extent Than Males or any similar topic only for you Order Now List 5 areas where mucous membranes are found. 1. Urethra 2. Vagina, Uterus, Fallopian Tubes 3. Vulva 4. Rectum 5. Eyes How do bacteria cause disease? †¢ Bacteria cause disease by producing harmful chemicals, which are toxins of enzymes. These toxins kill or damage body cells. The damage to the body cells causes the symptoms of the disease. How does the structure of bacterial cells differ from that of human cells? †¢ Bacterial cells have a slightly different structure than that of human cells. These structural differences are important because they allow antibiotics to kill bacteria without killing host, or human, cells. Why can antibiotics kill bacteria without killing the host cells? †¢ Bacteria cells are smaller than human cells and have a simpler structure. How do antibiotics kill bacteria? Antibiotics kill bacteria by either preventing bacteria from making cell walls, preventing bacteria from making complete proteins, or damaging the plasma membrane. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? †¢ Bacteria get their resistance from genes that inactivate the antibiotics, pump the antibiotics out of the cell, or allow them to function in spite of antibiotics. Bacteria get these resistance genes through mutation and selection or from o ther bacteria through plasmids that carry genes for resistance. Which STDs are caused by bacteria? †¢ STDs caused by bacteria include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis. How to cite A Greater Extent Than Males, Essay examples

Analyation Of Candy In Of Mice And Men Essay Example For Students

Analyation Of Candy In Of Mice And Men Essay In John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck conveys the main themes, isolation, loneliness, and insecurity through many characters. One of the characters who best embody the theme(s) is Candy. Candy is an old, disabled, isolated, unhappy, lonely, insecure, swamper. Candys loneliness is greatly attributed to the loss of his hand and his age. He believes he is a worthless old man who, like his old dog, is just wasting away. Candy also offers much symbolism and parallelism to a few characters in the novel. Steinbeck also develops the character of Candy very well using characterization. Symbolism and foreshadowing are also used widely throughout the novel. Candy, an old, useless swamper exemplifies the main themes of this novel. Steinbeck uses characterization to build up the description of Candy so well that the reader feels the isolation and loneliness of which Candy experiences everyday. Candy is an old, physically disabled swamper who has worked on the ranch for a good major ity of his life. While working on the ranch a few years ago, Candy got into an accident which resulted in the loss of one of his hands. This unfortunate accident left him a little bit of money and whole lot of loneliness. As a result of Candys age and disability he has a feeling of uselessness. Since Candy feels that he is old, he places himself in a state of mind that disables him more than his missing hand ever will. A old worthless man wasting away his last few years is how Candy sees himself. He is often afraid of losing his job, as well as his whole life. I got hurt four years ago. Theyll can me purty soon. Jus as soon as I cant swamp out no bunk houses theyll put me on the county. We will write a custom essay on Analyation Of Candy In Of Mice And Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Candy, in many ways symbolizes his dog. Both Candy and his dog are very old and they are both coming towards the end of their lives. In their younger years, Candy and his dog were excellent workers. Candy loves his dog with all of his heart. It has been his best friend for years and according to Candy he has Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him. Even though the dog can no longer run as fast or herd sheep like he did when he was younger, Candy loves him the same. He appreciates all of the joy and loyalty that his once great dog has brought to him during his life and is ready to let his friend now live out the rest of its natural life. Unfortunately that is not the way that some of the other people in the bunkhouse see it. Carlson feels This ol dog jus suffers hisself all the time. If you was to take him out and shoot him right in the back of the head right there, why hed never know what hit him?. Carlson even offers to give him a new dog to replace the one that he is ab out to kill. The way that Candy sees it is that his dog isnt not hurting anyone and that there is no reason to have to end its life prematurely. Even though Candy loves his dog more than anything else in the world he chooses to let someone shoot his dog in the back of the head. After all that they had been through and all the years of loyal service that his supposed best friend had performed for Candy, when pressured into a decision, he chose to defy his loyal companion and make the decision on when he should die. This lets the reader know that Candy has such little respect for himself that he wont even stand up for what he believes is right. Candy knew that his dog had limited time left in his life, and after it dies, Candy would have no one to call a friend. He let Carlson kill his dog in hopes that the other workers would then give him the friendship and loyalty that his dog had provided him for years. If this happened, Candy would not have to spend the rest of his life alone and desolate in his old age; he would then have friends and people who he could talk to. Lacking this for many years and wanting to obtain it desperately, Candy betrayed his oldest friend. This situation is ironic; Candy permitted the death of his best friend in order to gain the friendship of the other workers. His notion backfired because not only did he loose his best friend, he gained nothing but heartache from it. Worthless and alone, Candy now felt he didnt have a single important thing. Candy and his dog had the same relationship that George and Lennie had shared for so many years. While Lennie had George and the ranchers had each other, Candy did not have anybody and this put him in a condition of sorrow and depression. Candys loneliness greatly is demonstrated when Candy is in the bunkhouse with George and Lennie and they are discussing the dream. Desperately, Candy explains how he wants to become a part of it. Candy is so depressed that he puts himself into a state of solitud e. He is allowed to go out with the other guys, but he always refuses due to so because of his negative mind frame towards himself. Candy thinks that no one wants to be friends with him because of his disability. Eventually, he tries to find a friendship by attempting to join the dream of George and Lennie. Their dream is to own and run their own little ranch where they ?can live off the fat of the land.? This is one of Candys desperate attempts to find a place in society and meaning in life. Candy offered his money and what little abilities he had to become a part of George and Lennies friendship and dream. Ill wash dishes an little chicken stuff like that. But Ill be on your own place, an Ill be let to work on our own place. Candy was attempting to overcome his loneliness and regain a positive outlook by looking for which would enable him to get involved with other ranchers. Candy may have been sad and lonely because he was in search of the right person to be friends with. It is a lso ironic that the reason Candy got involved in the dream is because of the death of a friend (his dog). The dream is later shattered by the death of another friend (Lennie). .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .postImageUrl , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:hover , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:visited , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:active { border:0!important; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:active , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight EssayParallelism and foreshadowing is also greatly exhibited between Lennie and Candys old dog. Lennie and the dog are both mentally slow. Both Lennie and the dog are shot in the back of the head. Both Lennie and Curly loose their best friends and their dreams. As much as their deaths are similar, they are totally different. Candys poor old dog was led out by a stranger and shot in the back of the head. George, Lennies best friend shot him in the back of the head. Candy should have shot his best friend himself and he knows it. Candy regrets not giving his dog the respect of a proper death. George killing Lennie is actually a resolution to Ca ndys mistake. ?I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to let no stranger shoot my dog.?The only other characters in the book shared the same interests and/or dreams as Candy did were Lennie and George. This is why Candy tried so hard to gain the attention and friendship of Lennie and George. He offers everything that he had to support the friendship including money, but money will never buy genuine friendship. Maybe if I give you money, youll let me hoe in the garden even though I aint no good at it. All of these characters are similar because, not only were they affected by loneliness, they were all in pursuit of a dream that could never be caught. Candy was the perfect example of the themes: loneliness, isolation, and insecurity. English Essays