Independent Variable Personal Flexibility - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1243 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 2.1.3 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Personal Flexibility According to Bucki and Pesqueux (2000) flexibility is defined as ability to adapt in both reversible and irreversible manner. In other words, it reflects the ability of individual to remain functioning in a changing environment in spite of foreseeable or not. Furthermore, flexibility is desirable quality that needs to be fostered among employees as it served as guidelines among employees in self-directed teams, multiskilling and pay (Iles, Forster and Tinline, 1996). According to past finding from Heijde and Heijden (2006), personal flexibility was found not related to flexibility of an individual at his jobs level. Nonetheless, employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s flexibility are expected to adapt the constant changes passively that would occur in their working environment (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). In addition, employees with high personal flexibility is found to receive better benefit as well a s increased chances of further development in career as they look changes in ease (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). Furthermore, employees who practices flexibility will possess a greater understanding on how to seek opportunities in changing environment. Personal flexibility has been also labeled as adaptability (Heijde and Heijden, 2006) and has been considered as one of important component of employability by other researchers (see, e.g., Boudreau et al., 2001; Fugate et al., 2004). Individuals with personal adaptability is known to have higher employability as this traits will allows them to identify workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opportunities in both cognitive and affective manners (Fugate, Kinicki and Ashforth, 2004). Otherwise, personal adaptability dedication to both career success (Pulakos et al., 2000) and organizational performance (Crant, 2000). Personal adaptability enables employees to accept attractive and productive in continually changing work domains to employers (Chan, 200 0). Career resilience and evaluating employee experience are ways to assess oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal adaptability especially in the context of job loss (Gowan, 2012). In Fugate and Kinicki (2008) study, career resilience is defined as an individual work which is relevant to self-efficacy and optimism (Fleig-Palmer et al., 2009), and ability to adapt the career situation change (Wolf et al., 1995). According to Luthans (2002); Reivich and Schatte (2002), individual with career resilient tends possess ability to be flexible as they are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“willing to makes changes on themselves in order to keep pace with changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Waterman et al., 1994, p. 88). As stated by Fugate, Kinicki Ashforth (2004) there are five components in personal adaptability define by, openness to change, optimism, internal locus of control and propensity to learn. In addition, Fugate, Kinicki and Ashforth (2004) studies have shown the fundamental element of personal adaptability is openness to change. Openness to change is being keen and willing to accept changes of organizational such as company policies or new system of management. Openness individuals are prone to display flexibility when faced with challenges in uncertain circumstances, such as they are open toward changes events at work (Miller, Johnson, Grau, 1994). According to Wanberg and Banas (2000) states accepting changes will result positive relationship in job satisfaction. In contrast, accepting changes will provide negative relationship on work irritation and intention to quit. Besides holding up the changes will makes employees to be comfort in uncertain environment as well as increasing their competency in different occupations (Barrick Mount, 1991; Costa McCrae, 1992). Next, optimism is second element in personal adaptability. When individual have strong optimistic will perform self-confidence in ability to manage affective and objective challenges and expectation in positive view about future events (Judge et al., 1999; Peterson, 2000). Optimistic employees are likely to perceive many opportunities in the organization (Carver Scheir, 1994), to achieve of desired goals and outcome, and to determine changes of career as challenges (Scheier Carver, 1992). Third element in personal adaptability is internal locus of control. Internal locus of control is individual is based on own work and control their life. Employee in internal are more adapt to work environment and make smoother on work role transition (Wanberg Banas, 2000). Employees are more likely to handle in efforts of proactive during change work environment and to state to try hard to improve situation in the life (Gould, 1979). Employees work with internal locus of control are more employable and adaptable, because employees to be proactive and plan in different situation. Next element in personal adaptability is propensity to learn. For example, employees with proactive efforts will have high employability are always to try to learn more about opportunities and threats of the environment. When high employability, employees will to learn what skill and experience are required and what jobs are available in work environment. Employees able to compare opportunities of market with personal interest and profile. Learning is central both to meeting ever-changing demands and to initiating beneficial change. Dispositions, motivations and attitudes are about learning are significant contribute to an employees employability and personal adaptability (Fugate, Kinicki Ashforth, 2004). 2.2.2 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Personal Flexibility Figure 2.2: A competence-based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability Adapted from: Heijde, C. M. V. D., and Heijden, B. I. J. M. V. D. (2006). A competence-based and multidimensional operationalization and measurement of employability. Human Resource Management, 45(3), 449 -476. The research Heijde and Heijden (2006) aim to examine the relationship among the independent variables occupational expertise with dependent variable which is competence-based of employability. Occupational expertise discuss include (1) anticipation and optimization, (2) personal flexibility, (3) corporate sense and (4) balance. The framework showed that all the independent variables are significant to influence the competence-based of employability. Employability is a key requirement for applying both career success at the individual level and sustained competitive advantage at the firm level. According to study Van Dam, (2004), highly employable employees are require for organization in order to satisfy fluctuating demand for functional and numerical flexibility. Employability enables fast-changing job requirements in organization cope by employees. 2.4.2 Personal Flexibility As Fugate et al. (2004) argues, individual that are personal flexibility and willing to changes and adaptable, ultimately more employable. Accordingly, individuals whom are personal flexibility tend to perceived this study individuals are employable as they are willing to accept challenges at work. Therefore in our study, hypotheses were formed between personal flexibility and employability: H0: There is no significant relationship between personal flexibility and employability. H1: There is a significant relationship between personal flexibility and employability. Personal flexibility is adaptability to change in work environment (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). In study Fugate, Kinicki and Ashforth (2004) personal adaptability has one fundamental element which is openness to change as it enables realization of being optimistic to new experiences and career opportunities. Personal flexibility is positively relationship with employability. Heijde and Heijden, (2006) argue employees with high level of personal flexibility are significant in helping themselves to get further career development. Employees can have greater benefit from distinct experiences since employees are accepting changes of organization (Heijde and Heijden, 2006). Then in another study by McCartt and Rohrbaugh (1995), open individuals are found to take changes as a new challenge rather than a threat, and welcomes new processes and technologies (Fugate et al., 2004). OConnell, McNeely Hall, (2008) when employee has easily to adaptability in work environment is lead to high confidence and optimism may help further career success. Employee with high level of self-confidence can affect effort and objectives, confidence in the transferability and currency of personalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skill which is increase personalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to suit to changing circumstances. When in marketability, as an employees confidence of skills increase, so that both confidence and competence to adjust in changing situations should be stronger. Fugate (2006) also argued that pos itive self-evaluations will lead to positive attitudes and optimism, thus fostering positive expectations about future events. In other words, career resilience will to improve employee confidence of abilities to manage changes and challenges in their workplace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Independent Variable Personal Flexibility" essay for you Create order

A Brief Exploration Of Various Ancient Greek Beliefs...

Introduction Ancient Greek civilization was an era when many political, artistic, and philosophical ideologies were born. While facing several hardships, Greece prevailed to make many discoveries which would be adapted by the western civilization. At the time no one knew the influence their developments would have on the world. Much of the ancient Greek civilization has lived on either directly or through transformations within different countries to our day. The following paper will be a brief exploration of various ancient Greek beliefs towards family life, education, women, wealth, children, and the treatment of slaves. Family Life Over the course of history, women were always looked upon as unequal to men. The Athenians did not consider their women to be citizens and had fewer rights than men. They could not vote, own property, attend the assembly and at times could not even leave the house without an escort. â€Å"They were expected to raise the children, supervise the preservation and preparation of food, keep the family’s financial accounts, direct the work of the household slaves, and nurse them when they were ill.† (Martin, 2013, p. 87) Athenian girls were property of their fathers until they were married and became the property of their husband. At the age of fifteen a marriage was arranged by a girl’s father. â€Å"Marriage ceremonies took place at home and the bride wore a white dress and a veil like many brides today, and she was expected to give a dowry of money andShow MoreRelatedA World Lit Only by Fire Outline Essay8153 Words   |  33 Pagesattack Italy in A.D. 400 led by V isigoth Alaric. 3. 40,000 Huns, Goths, and freed Roman slaves, led by Alaric, crossed the Julian Alps, launching an 8 year war against the Romans. a. 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It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France GreeceRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCoral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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A Greater Extent Than Males Free Essays

Why are sexually transmitted diseases more likely to affect females to a greater extent than males? †¢ Sexually transmitted diseases are more likely to affect females to a greater extent than males because they expose a greater surface area of mucous membrane during sexual contact. Why is a woman more likely to get an STD from an infected male than a male is to get it from an infected female? †¢ A woman is more likely to get an STD from an infected male than a male is to get it from an infected female because females expose a greater surface area of mucous membrane during sexual contact than males. Why is a woman less likely to show symptoms of an STD than is a male? †¢ Women are less likely to show symptoms because the infected area is not easily seen and the urethra is less likely to be infected, so there is a less chance of pain. We will write a custom essay sample on A Greater Extent Than Males or any similar topic only for you Order Now List 5 areas where mucous membranes are found. 1. Urethra 2. Vagina, Uterus, Fallopian Tubes 3. Vulva 4. Rectum 5. Eyes How do bacteria cause disease? †¢ Bacteria cause disease by producing harmful chemicals, which are toxins of enzymes. These toxins kill or damage body cells. The damage to the body cells causes the symptoms of the disease. How does the structure of bacterial cells differ from that of human cells? †¢ Bacterial cells have a slightly different structure than that of human cells. These structural differences are important because they allow antibiotics to kill bacteria without killing host, or human, cells. Why can antibiotics kill bacteria without killing the host cells? †¢ Bacteria cells are smaller than human cells and have a simpler structure. How do antibiotics kill bacteria? Antibiotics kill bacteria by either preventing bacteria from making cell walls, preventing bacteria from making complete proteins, or damaging the plasma membrane. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? †¢ Bacteria get their resistance from genes that inactivate the antibiotics, pump the antibiotics out of the cell, or allow them to function in spite of antibiotics. Bacteria get these resistance genes through mutation and selection or from o ther bacteria through plasmids that carry genes for resistance. Which STDs are caused by bacteria? †¢ STDs caused by bacteria include Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis. How to cite A Greater Extent Than Males, Essay examples

Analyation Of Candy In Of Mice And Men Essay Example For Students

Analyation Of Candy In Of Mice And Men Essay In John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck conveys the main themes, isolation, loneliness, and insecurity through many characters. One of the characters who best embody the theme(s) is Candy. Candy is an old, disabled, isolated, unhappy, lonely, insecure, swamper. Candys loneliness is greatly attributed to the loss of his hand and his age. He believes he is a worthless old man who, like his old dog, is just wasting away. Candy also offers much symbolism and parallelism to a few characters in the novel. Steinbeck also develops the character of Candy very well using characterization. Symbolism and foreshadowing are also used widely throughout the novel. Candy, an old, useless swamper exemplifies the main themes of this novel. Steinbeck uses characterization to build up the description of Candy so well that the reader feels the isolation and loneliness of which Candy experiences everyday. Candy is an old, physically disabled swamper who has worked on the ranch for a good major ity of his life. While working on the ranch a few years ago, Candy got into an accident which resulted in the loss of one of his hands. This unfortunate accident left him a little bit of money and whole lot of loneliness. As a result of Candys age and disability he has a feeling of uselessness. Since Candy feels that he is old, he places himself in a state of mind that disables him more than his missing hand ever will. A old worthless man wasting away his last few years is how Candy sees himself. He is often afraid of losing his job, as well as his whole life. I got hurt four years ago. Theyll can me purty soon. Jus as soon as I cant swamp out no bunk houses theyll put me on the county. We will write a custom essay on Analyation Of Candy In Of Mice And Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Candy, in many ways symbolizes his dog. Both Candy and his dog are very old and they are both coming towards the end of their lives. In their younger years, Candy and his dog were excellent workers. Candy loves his dog with all of his heart. It has been his best friend for years and according to Candy he has Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him. Even though the dog can no longer run as fast or herd sheep like he did when he was younger, Candy loves him the same. He appreciates all of the joy and loyalty that his once great dog has brought to him during his life and is ready to let his friend now live out the rest of its natural life. Unfortunately that is not the way that some of the other people in the bunkhouse see it. Carlson feels This ol dog jus suffers hisself all the time. If you was to take him out and shoot him right in the back of the head right there, why hed never know what hit him?. Carlson even offers to give him a new dog to replace the one that he is ab out to kill. The way that Candy sees it is that his dog isnt not hurting anyone and that there is no reason to have to end its life prematurely. Even though Candy loves his dog more than anything else in the world he chooses to let someone shoot his dog in the back of the head. After all that they had been through and all the years of loyal service that his supposed best friend had performed for Candy, when pressured into a decision, he chose to defy his loyal companion and make the decision on when he should die. This lets the reader know that Candy has such little respect for himself that he wont even stand up for what he believes is right. Candy knew that his dog had limited time left in his life, and after it dies, Candy would have no one to call a friend. He let Carlson kill his dog in hopes that the other workers would then give him the friendship and loyalty that his dog had provided him for years. If this happened, Candy would not have to spend the rest of his life alone and desolate in his old age; he would then have friends and people who he could talk to. Lacking this for many years and wanting to obtain it desperately, Candy betrayed his oldest friend. This situation is ironic; Candy permitted the death of his best friend in order to gain the friendship of the other workers. His notion backfired because not only did he loose his best friend, he gained nothing but heartache from it. Worthless and alone, Candy now felt he didnt have a single important thing. Candy and his dog had the same relationship that George and Lennie had shared for so many years. While Lennie had George and the ranchers had each other, Candy did not have anybody and this put him in a condition of sorrow and depression. Candys loneliness greatly is demonstrated when Candy is in the bunkhouse with George and Lennie and they are discussing the dream. Desperately, Candy explains how he wants to become a part of it. Candy is so depressed that he puts himself into a state of solitud e. He is allowed to go out with the other guys, but he always refuses due to so because of his negative mind frame towards himself. Candy thinks that no one wants to be friends with him because of his disability. Eventually, he tries to find a friendship by attempting to join the dream of George and Lennie. Their dream is to own and run their own little ranch where they ?can live off the fat of the land.? This is one of Candys desperate attempts to find a place in society and meaning in life. Candy offered his money and what little abilities he had to become a part of George and Lennies friendship and dream. Ill wash dishes an little chicken stuff like that. But Ill be on your own place, an Ill be let to work on our own place. Candy was attempting to overcome his loneliness and regain a positive outlook by looking for which would enable him to get involved with other ranchers. Candy may have been sad and lonely because he was in search of the right person to be friends with. It is a lso ironic that the reason Candy got involved in the dream is because of the death of a friend (his dog). The dream is later shattered by the death of another friend (Lennie). .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .postImageUrl , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:hover , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:visited , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:active { border:0!important; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:active , .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9 .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04bd7d3b8acd1a96611a9be814b0edf9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight EssayParallelism and foreshadowing is also greatly exhibited between Lennie and Candys old dog. Lennie and the dog are both mentally slow. Both Lennie and the dog are shot in the back of the head. Both Lennie and Curly loose their best friends and their dreams. As much as their deaths are similar, they are totally different. Candys poor old dog was led out by a stranger and shot in the back of the head. George, Lennies best friend shot him in the back of the head. Candy should have shot his best friend himself and he knows it. Candy regrets not giving his dog the respect of a proper death. George killing Lennie is actually a resolution to Ca ndys mistake. ?I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to let no stranger shoot my dog.?The only other characters in the book shared the same interests and/or dreams as Candy did were Lennie and George. This is why Candy tried so hard to gain the attention and friendship of Lennie and George. He offers everything that he had to support the friendship including money, but money will never buy genuine friendship. Maybe if I give you money, youll let me hoe in the garden even though I aint no good at it. All of these characters are similar because, not only were they affected by loneliness, they were all in pursuit of a dream that could never be caught. Candy was the perfect example of the themes: loneliness, isolation, and insecurity. English Essays

Poverty, Chastity, And Change A Book Review Essays -

Poverty, Chastity, And Change : A Book Review Poverty, Chastity, and Change: A book review In her book Poverty, Chastity, and Change, the author Carole Garibaldi Rogers interviewed ninety-four nuns from forty different religious communities in North America. She gathered oral histories regarding the nuns academic, religious, and emotional difficulties that were encountered throughout their lives. Each interview lasted a couple of hours and three basic questions were asked. The three basic questions are: Why did you enter religious life? What were some of the crisis points or times of change in your religious life? Or, to put that another way, how have you become the person that you are today? And, finally why are you still a religious? (Rogers, xx). The book is divided into two parts. Part one, on changes from the past to the present and part two, on changes from the present to the future. The book contains the wonderful accomplishments of the nuns as well as the fears, hopes and struggles they faced throughout their lives. The life of a Roman Catholic nun still remains ambiguous to many people. The outside world has many perceptions of the female clergy. Nuns are typically associated with wearing a long black habit and a veil; living in a recluse and sheltered environment and praying all day amongst other nuns. The reality is far different from these stereotypes. While true that most Nuns join the convent because they are completely dedicated to God and wish to devote their lives serving him. Their servitude encompasses a multitude of different disciplines raging from renowned writers to traveling nurses. The main running theme throughout the book is change and most notably the transformation that took place in the womens religious movement after Vatican II. The Catholic Church has been historically under the management of a male clergy and hierarchy. Female clergy have not been given equal opportunities in obtaining leadership positions. Vatican II produced an emerging womens movement that captured attention worldwide. It challenged the patriarchal tradition of the church and started making serious headway toward its goal: restoring the equality in theory and practice that belongs to each Catholic. Vatican II embraced the sociological theory of civil rights and included the following written statement in its Pastoral Constitution: The Church in the Modern World stated, With respect to the fundamental rights of the person, every type of discrimination, whether social or cultural, whether based on sex, race, color, social condition, language or religion, is to be overcome and eradicate d as contrary to Gods intent (No.29). Throughout the course of the book the reader is presented with detailed examples of how life has changed for female clergy before and after Vatican II and their various responses to these changes. The impact that Vatican II produced shows that progression in the womens movement for social justice and civil rights is also found in the Roman Catholic Church. Reactions in the church to the changes of Vatican II vary from disillusionment to happy acceptance. Many times the reactions depended on the Nuns age, family upbringing, and her orders outlook. Many of the younger Nuns where more inclined to welcome the changes that Vatican II brought while the older Sisters where not as accepting of the new changes. The growing emphasis on Gospel spirituality that Vatican II emphasized pointed religious women toward further developments in social order and allowed them a greater part in decision making towards particular issues that motivated them. An example of this is found in Sister Carita Pend ergast oral history. Having always had an illusion to travel as a missionary worker to China. Sister Carita was able to fulfill her desire and committed eighteen years of her life to charitable work in very difficult circumstances. In her interview she comments on her experiences: They were very difficult years because China was in turmoil all the time. Warlords. War with Japan. The communist. That was the background (Rogers, 36). In another story Sister Margaret Traxler Sister Margaret, a strong willed feminist, describes how she spent many years advocating the Equal Rights Amendment, which in essence states that men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction. She

Discounting the Myth of the First Three Years

Discounting the Myth of the First Three Years Introduction Today, more than ever before, most parents have accepted the notion that the first three years of a child’s life are critically important in determining whether or not the child will mature into an individual of high mental and cognitive abilities. Proponents of the ‘myth of the first three years’ argue that much of the child’s brain development takes place within the first three years and, therefore, parents need to utilize this time-frame to ensure their children gets the best start to life (Bruer, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discounting the Myth of the First Three Years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, controversy surrounds the issue, with current literature revealing that brain development does not shut at three years of age and that there is no objective evidence to indicate that the first three years are of critical importance in the development of var ious abilities that enhances individual success (Gormley et al., 2010). By relying on literature and practical experience, this paper purposes to demonstrate that there is no such thing as the myth of the first three years. Towards Understanding the Myth First coined by Bruer (1999), the myth of the first three years presupposes that â€Å"†¦the first three years of life determine, in an all-or-none, once-in-a-lifetime manner, the success of a child’s development across the lifespan† (Lerner, 2002, p.124). The description implies that the first three years are critical in shaping a child’s cognitive and learning abilities to a point where this period in a child’s lifespan determines whether or not the child will succeed or fail in life (Gormley et al., 2010). As a consequence of this myth, many parents interested in the success of their children might believe that by the time the children enrolls in kindergarten and grade schools, all the brain devel opments critical to their success in life will be behind them. The concept have received criticism from various quarters for putting unnecessary pressure on parents to utilize the first three years to develop their children’s cognitive and learning skills or else risk condemning them to a life of failure. However, neurobiological and behavioral studies conducted over time in addition to our own experiences demonstrate that brain development and cognition are not exclusively limited to the first three years of life. Critiquing the Myth Gormley et al (2010) notes that the first years of life are critical in the development of a child due to a number of varied reasons, which orients more towards attachment and emotional development than towards cognitive development. Indeed, the first few days are critical for the newborn to develop appropriate attachment tendencies to its primary caregiver. A wealth of literature also demonstrates that significant brain development and cognitiv e growth takes place during the first years of life (Lerner, 2002), thus the years form a critical phase of the child’s overall development and growth. But the suggestion that the child’s brain development is exclusively limited to the first three years of life is, at best, an understatement that lacks scientific justification.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Lerner (2002), â€Å"†¦the brain remains an instrument for learning and development across life and, indeed, there are data pertinent to very old age that indicates that cognitive development and learning can occur in the ninth and tenth grade of life† (p. 124). My own personal experience gained through rearing my first two children indicates that teaching kids in the first three years ultimately benefits them later in life, but it is not in itself a plethora of how successful the y will become later in the lifespan. Studies have found that the nature of synapse formation and the cultivation of some synaptic circuits depend to a large extent on the immediate environment and experience (Lerner, 2002). An average child undergoes a multitude of experiences in his or her life time and, in deed, no single experience is likely to impose a domineering influence on the child’s development. As such, a child’s cognitive development and learning should be understood as a life-long process that is shaped by daily experiences not limited to the first three years of life. Positive interactions in the first three years of life will inarguably aid the child to form sharp cognitive skills and mental capacities, but cognition and learning goes past the three initial years to encompass the entire lifespan. In this context, parents may use the first three years to jumpstart their child’s learning and cognitive development, but they should not lose hope that all is lost when the child fails to open up within the first three years. The human race enjoys a long evolutionary history that is filled with numerous life experiences. Studies have revealed that â€Å"†¦many of the so-called enriched experiences some parents seem to intent on providing their children will likely not matter later in life† (Lerner, 2002, p. 125). It is well known the education system changes with the needs of the society and, as such, it is only plausible to suggest that encouraging children in the first three years of life through providing them with enriched experiences is one among several ways that can be targeted on the youngsters to improve their mental and cognitive capabilities (Gormley et al., 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Discounting the Myth of the First Three Years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learning contexts automatically change as one progress through the li fespan, and early reinforcement assists the child to adapt adequately to environments as they change. In this context, it can be argued that the learning processes that takes place in the first three years offers the child a platform that can be used to relate to upcoming experiences as they continue to learn and develop cognitively. From my own experience with children, I learnt that providing enriched experiences during the first three years offers the child a distinct advantage when it comes to learning and the development of trust and self-control components, but it does not imply that learning, cognitive, and mental development stops at the lapse of the first three years of life. The fact that the brain develops dramatically in the first three years of life cannot be denied (Learner, 2002). However, parents should consider these years as comparable to erecting a strong foundation for a house. In this respect, the first three years, when well utilized, offers the child a solid f oundation to base their further mental and cognitive growth and development. To suggest that development of these critical capacities stops at three years is analogous to arguing that the house is complete just because the foundation has been laid. Building the house requires more time, resources, and energy, just as is the case with developing mental and cognitive capacities. Unless development continues throughout the lifespan, the child will obviously experience deficits in his or her mental and cognitive capacities. This argument provides strength for the socialization process as a key determinant of the child’s mental and cognitive development. Various studies have positively correlated the process of positive socialization with the development of critical mental, emotional, and cognitive capacities, and there is compelling evidence that greatly socialized children are more likely to be successful later in life (Bruer, 1999). However, socialization is a life-long process which cannot be limited to the first three years of life. As such, the first three years should be used to aid the child in developing behavioral patterns that may be critical in determining how well the child is able to socialize with peers later on, but the lapse of the three years should not be construed to mean the end of the socialization process or any other process that assist the child to grow mentally and cognitively. Moreover, studies have revealed that â€Å"†¦even those systems whose development is tied to sensitive or critical periods (e.g. our sensory system) provide some flexibility both in the quality and timing of certain experiences† (Lerner, 2002, p. 125). This assertion implies that the quality and timing of certain life experiences is critical to the mental and cognitive development of the child rather than the bracketing of the first three years.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It would be impractical to expect a six-month old baby to master the alphabet just because he or she is in the first three years of development and the mother is engaged in exposing the child to the alphabet. In consequence, early reinforcement becomes a secondary but important component aimed towards the child’s mental and cognitive development, and the quality and timing of the life experiences exposed to the child will principally determine his or her mental and cognitive capabilities. Various developmental theories such as Sigmund’s psychoanalysis view the child’s development as a process involving various interconnected phases (Lerner, 2002). Many of the theories adduce evidence to the fact that each of the phases of development is intrinsically important towards the holistic development of the individual. Some of the phases of development occur when the child is past the age of three and, as such, it could prove difficult to tie the child’s mental a nd cognitive development to the first three years of life. The structural arrangement of most of these theories refutes the possibility of a myth of the first three years in as far as human development is concerned. To argue that the success of a child’s development across the life-span is predominantly determined by the first three years is synonymous to adopting a largely mechanistic framework for understanding human development while it is known that development relies on a multiplicity of factors that may not necessarily interrelate in a mechanistic way (Gormley, 2010). For example, my first-born child was discovered to have a learning disability when he was enrolled in a preschool program known as Head Start, but the child has risen against all odds to perform well in grade school. This example reveals that though the preschool learning assisted the child, his mental and cognitive development was not tied to these formative years of development. This is in line with the various theories of individual development. Studies have also adduced evidence to the fact that some children may exhibit a specter of intelligence during the formative years of development only for them to become dull and unproductive later on due to indulgence in certain behavior patterns such as alcoholism and drug use and abuse (Gormley et al., 2010). This line of thinking demonstrates that life-time experiences rather than the first-three years of life are critical in shaping the intellectual and cognitive life of individual. The world is full of examples of individuals who were bright during one phase in their lifespan only for them to deteriorate due to varied factors affecting their immediate environment. As such, the first three years of life must never be seen as the foremost factor in determining whether or not a particular individual will succeed in life. Similarly, our life experiences have shown us that life is much more that the first three years upon birth, and every day is a learning experience. The experiences we undergo on a daily basis helps to sharpen our mental and cognitive abilities, and no single study has ever mentioned a phase of active life where cognitive development and learning ceases to take place (Bruer, 1999). Conclusion From the discussion, it is clear that some of the arguments that perpetuate the myth of the first three years have no basis at all. Our own experiences reveal that learning and cognitive development cannot in any way be limited to the first three years as the myth suggests. Consequently, our responsibility to our children, particularly in efforts geared towards making them succeed in life, must be distributed throughout the course of their lives rather than focusing attention to the first three years of life. It cannot be denied that the first three years can offer a solid foundation to a child’s further cognitive development and learning, but parents must also know that human development is a life-long process (Lerner, 2002). To limit our focus on the first three years would not only be short-sighted, but it would go against the rules of science. Reference List Bruer, J.T. (1999). The myth of the first three years: A new understanding of early brain development. New York, NY: The Free Press Gormley, W.T., Philips, D., Adelstein, S. (2010). Head start’s competitive advantage: Myth or Reality? Policy Studies Journal, 38(3), 397-418. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database Lerner, R.M. (2002). Concepts and theories of human development, 3rd Ed. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc

Ethics Governing Cyber Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethics Governing Cyber Laws - Essay Example As more and more people were allowed to use the networks problems arose. Before computers became more mainstream they were the domain of the computer "geeks" who used them for entertainment. They used them to play complex games and often wrote the programs for the computers they used. Many of these computer users found it challenging to "hack" into available networks such as military and university sites. This is considered "gaining unauthorized access to a computer system" (Oxford Dictionary of Law, 2006). These sites put up the first "firewalls" to prevent, or limit, access. To this day websites are often the victim of hackers trying to do as much damage as possible. As computer usage became more and more mainstream computer networks grew. Usage became more user-friendly. The internet became a major vehicle for sharing knowledge, communicating, and entertaining its users. Today students spend a good portion of their days on the internet researching and learning. Many have completed college in online classrooms. As the use of the internet grew it became an asset to many users and organizations. Communication between users became easier and easier. The internet has become a communication tool, educational tool, and a requirement for many jobs. Employers often require entry level workers to have computer related training. Using such tools as Word, Excel, and Access are considered entry level skills that are taught at the high school level. Older workers are required to learn these skills on their own to keep up with the technological changes at their workplace. With all the good the internet brings it also is an avenue for modern criminals to take advantage of others. The problem with the internet is that it is hard to legislate and enforce laws having to do with internet usage and it is hard to tell where to draw the line when it comes to what is okay and what is not. Many computer users exploit this grey area and get all they can out of the internet. It is this grey area that will be the focus of this paper. Ethical Behavior Ethical behavior is defined as "relating to moral principals"(Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2006). Ethical behavior consists of conducting yourself according to principals of right and wrong. It is the basic principal of what an individual considers right, or good behavior, and wrong behavior. These moral standards vary from one culture to another and are often not mandated. Ethical behavior consists of "fair and honest behavior" (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 2006). Those most vulnerable to the temptation of cyber ethics violations are teenagers and young adults who are still developing their ethics. There are many behaviors this group will try out to see how much they can get away with. Many attempt to download music and videos that are copyrighted. Many others have moved on to riskier behaviors such as identity theft and falsifying log on details to access pornography sites. Because ethical behavior varies from one culture to another it is hard to legislate this behavior as wrong or right. What one person might never do another may find permissible. Copying information from the internet directly into an academic paper may be considered okay by some and plagiarism by others. And, who draws the

Is aspartame safe for you Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is aspartame safe for you - Research Paper Example Aspartame’s health concerns have been an issue of debate lately and this is why it is surrounded by controversies. In this paper the impact of Aspartame will be analyzed. Researches on Aspartame have revealed more than a few negative effects of regular usage of Aspartame especially the way it affects human brain’s cellular activity. In a research it was concluded that â€Å"excessive aspartame ingestion might be involved in the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR 2000) and also in compromised learning and emotional functioning† (Humphries et al., 2007). It happens so because of the highly toxic derivatives created in the body after the consumption of aspartame. Once ingested, aspartame breaks down intotoxic derivatives because of the presence of 50% phenylalanine, 40% aspartic acid,10% methanol/wood alcohol in its formula which formsformaldehyde (a colorless toxin) and a carcinogen called diketopiperazine in the body. (Humphries et al., 2007) Cumulatively, these toxins are responsible for affecting neurotransmitter regulation. In some studies, aspartame was regarded as the potential prompter, encourager or aggravator of risky pregnancy and cancer. The chemicals that break down after the use of aspartame pose immense threat to the developing fetus as well as the mother because it damages brain activity and can cause birth defects, reported Dr. Russell Blaylock (Raffelock, 2010). Just one can of diet soft drink containing aspartame can cause salient health-affecting symptoms in pregnant ladies such as nausea, headaches/migraines, numbness and dizziness to name a few alongwith increasing the risk of pre-mature baby birth by 78% (Chitty, 2011). Similarly, the risk of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) can also considerably increase with daily intake of aspartame. (Chitty, 2011) This happens due to the formation of excitotoxins like Domoic acid and glutamate by phenylalanine that stimulates the brain cells negatively to

UK Music Retailers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UK Music Retailers - Assignment Example Businesses operating in any industry are bound to experience changing fortunes in so far as trade is concerned. There are several forces that play in the economy thus influencing the fate of each of the entities in a given sector. With this in mind, it is the sole responsibility for individual business organizations to examine factors within their environment and identify the interventions to keep it competitive. I further use interaction matrix to analyze how the business has changed over time. Finally, I conclude by comparing two players in this music sector and offer some appropriate recommendations. Just like in any other economy of the world, the UK economy also suffers from quite a number of challenges. Being an important component of the economy, UK retailers have not been spared from the difficult moments that occasionally characterize the economy. Therefore, some traditional UK retailers such as music retailers who deal with the selling of music CD and VCD have been critically affected. In the past few years, some famous music retailers went bankrupt one after another. Cases in point include the Towers, KPS, and Virgin. Whilst some of the aforementioned retailers were troubled by the market changes, the likes of Find-CD, which is an online music company, were flourishing (Traynor, 2013). According to the findings of Traynor (2013) in his research, nearly 140 music retailers are prone to the perilous economic period in the near future. A case in point is the HMV music retailer. HMV is credited for having been one of the longest-serving players in the music industry with a history of music retailing of approximately 91 years. It deals with the sale of CDs/DVDs containing music, movies, or video games.  

The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock

The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock The Umayyad Dome of the Rock is one of the fundamental works of Islamic architecture. The Umayyad Dome of the Rock is renowned work of art and architecture, which had a number of implicit meanings among which it is possible to single out political implications and correlations to Biblical scriptures. In addition, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals the impact of external factors, including the impact of Christianity and Judaism on the architecture of the dome. Historically, Islam and Judaism were closely intertwined, although Islam had appeared centuries ago since the appearance of Judaism and Christianity. Many specialists view Judaism as one of the major monotheistic religion, which became the precursor of such world religions as Christianity and Islam (Cowling, 2005). In fact, the emergence of Islam was the development of the new religion, which had a lot of similarities to Judaism and Christianity. In such a context, the similarity between Islam, Christianity and Judaism can be viewed as the result of the historical interaction between these religions. The development of Islam was closely intertwined with Judaism and Christianity because representatives of these religions have interacted since ancient time. Even though Islam emerged in the seventh century AD, the population converted to Islam had an extensive experience of interaction with Judaist, whereas Jews always lived in Muslim countries. In such a way, the interaction between Islam, Christianity and Judaism was determined by the historical development of both religions and it was grounded on the neighborhood of both cultures. In such a context, the implicit meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals not only hidden Islamic context and meaning but also it reveals the influence of Christianity and Judaism on Islam. The influence can be traced through the architectural form and the form of the Dome, which is borrowed from Christianity and Judaism. At first glance the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is the manifestation of the traditional Islamic architecture. The Umayyad Dome of the Rock was built in Jerusalem, the city, which was sacred for Muslims as well as representatives of other mainstream religions in the region, such as Judaism and Christianity. It is important to place emphasis on the fact that the holiness of Jerusalem was, after all, inherited by Islam from Judaism and Christianity (Rabbat, 14). Therefore, the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem was an important decision and, in all probability, it was determined by the importance of building in the political and religious context. In fact, the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was the attempt to show the power of Islam and its domination in the Holy City Jerusalem. On the other hand, specialists point out that the Dome of the Rock has no immediately discernible purpose or function other than the commemorative one, and even that is riddled with uncertainties (Rabbat, 12). However, such uncertainty concerning the purpose of the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is caused by the variety of implications concerning the meaning of the building and its purposes. In other words, the diversity of views on the Umayyad Dome of the Rock leads to the emergence of numerous interpretations of the meaning of the building. The Umayyad Dome of the Rock represents the manifestation of the Islamic architecture. The Dome is executed in architectural traditions typical for Islam, including the interior design, deprived of pictures and having citations from Quran. On the other hand, specialists point out that it is necessary to view the Dome as a monument which used Biblical connotations and Christian-Byzantine forms to impose Islams presence in the Holy City. The combination would imply that the new faith considered itself the continuation and the seal of the two preceding ones: Judaism and Christianity (Rabbat, 12-13). Such a conclusion derives from the monumental architecture and the location of the building. The Umayyad Dome of the Rock has incorporated elements of Biblical texts and scriptures. Hence, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals the close links of Islam with other religions, such as Christianity and Judaism. Basically, it is possible to trace the links to Biblical texts through the scriptures within the Dome that reveals the connection between Islam and other religions which used Biblical scriptures as a source of sacred texts. The similar trends between religions can be traced by similarities of their religious concepts and ideas. For instance, Christianity, Islam and Judaism are monotheistic. Judaism was one of the first monotheistic religions, whereas Islam is one of the latest world religions, which had gained the public approval and support of many believers. Christianity, Judaism and Islam recognize one God only, although each religion has its own God. In addition, similarities can be traced in sacred texts and books of Judaism and Islam. Islam and Judaism have similarities in sacred texts because their sacred texts are interrelated. To put it more precisely, they often refer to similar or identical events in the history and religious life of Jews and Muslims (Ross, 1984). As a result, they focus on similar events but the interpretation of these events as well as their details may differ depending on the religion. Hence, the elements of Biblical texts and Christian and Judaist concepts can be traced in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. Therefore, the Dome became a symbol of the superiority of Islam over other religions because elements of Biblical texts show that Islam is superior to other religions (Esposito, 1998). At the same time, it is possible to presuppose that the Biblical elements in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock can be determined by the attempt of architects to show the power of Islam and its superiority in regard to other religions. In such a way, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock could symbolize the superiority of Islam because it showed that all Biblical texts and sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism were incorporated in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock that implies their subordination to Islam. In addition, specialists (Rabbat, 15) point out the political implications of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. What is meant here is the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock could be constructed to the show the power of the ruling dynasty (Cowling, 2005). To put it more precisely, the ruling dynasty attempts to show its respect to God and religion. In such a context, the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was the manifestation of the attempt of the ruling dynasty to leave its trace in history of Islam and to show its power. At the same time, the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock implied that the ruling dynasty is eternal because its rule will last as long as the Umayyad Dome of the Rock stands. In such a context, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock has a symbolic political meaning. In addition, the building was constructed in Jerusalem, which was not only the religious center but also the subject of heat political struggle. For instance, Crusades always aimed at the inva sion of Jerusalem, whereas Muslims always attempted to preserve the city as the Holy City of Islam. Thus, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock had multiple meanings and implications. The Dome has religious, political and cultural implications of the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. The main point of the construction of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was to show the superiority of Islam and Islamic culture over other religions and cultures. The Dome was constructed to show the power of the ruling dynasty, which constructed the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. In such a way, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock became a symbol of Islam in Jerusalem.

Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in Edward Larson’s Sum

Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in Edward Larson’s Summer For the Gods The Scopes trial, writes Edward Larson, to most Americans embodies â€Å"the timeless debate over science and religion.† (265) Written by historians, judges, and playwrights, the history of the Scopes trial has caused Americans to perceive â€Å"the relationship between science and religion in . . . simple terms: either Darwin or the Bible was true.† (265) The road to the trial began when Tennessee passed the Butler Act in 1925 banning the teaching of evolution in secondary schools. It was only a matter of time before a young biology teacher, John T. Scopes, prompted by the ACLU tested the law. Spectators and newspapermen came from allover to witness whether science or religion would win the day. Yet below all the hype, the trial had a deeper meaning. In Summer for the Gods, Edward Larson argues that a more significant battle was waged between individual liberty and majoritarian democracy. Even though the rural fundamentalist majority legally banned teaching evolution i n 1925, the rise of modernism, started long before the trial, raised a critical question for rural Americans: should they publicly impose their religious beliefs upon individuals who believed more and more in science. Larson divides his account into three sections: before, during, and after. The first section carefully exposes the political struggle over individual rights hidden in the debate between science and religion. What emerge are the political views of the two opposing parties: William Jennings Bryan and the ACLU. William Jennings Bryan’s adherence to fundamental Christianity and creationism was only one part of his politics. He also believed that the state had a duty to ... ...e and technology with their religious beliefs. Summer for the Gods profoundly contributes to the scholarship of progressivism. The role of experts, legal reform, majoritarian democracy, modernism, and individual rights were all part of the progressive movement. The Scopes trial is the perfect test case to show how these progressive tenets were not coherently driving toward a single societal goal. William Jennings Bryan could claim to be a progressive as much as the leaders of the ACLU. Religion and science became the sticking points between progressives like Bryan who believed in majority rule and the ACLU whose very adherence to science and experts pushed them to favor individual freedom. While science lost the trial to religion, Larson shows how a fundamental shift to modernism produced the rise of individual rights and the decline of majoritarian democracy. Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in Edward Larson’s Sum Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in Edward Larson’s Summer For the Gods The Scopes trial, writes Edward Larson, to most Americans embodies â€Å"the timeless debate over science and religion.† (265) Written by historians, judges, and playwrights, the history of the Scopes trial has caused Americans to perceive â€Å"the relationship between science and religion in . . . simple terms: either Darwin or the Bible was true.† (265) The road to the trial began when Tennessee passed the Butler Act in 1925 banning the teaching of evolution in secondary schools. It was only a matter of time before a young biology teacher, John T. Scopes, prompted by the ACLU tested the law. Spectators and newspapermen came from allover to witness whether science or religion would win the day. Yet below all the hype, the trial had a deeper meaning. In Summer for the Gods, Edward Larson argues that a more significant battle was waged between individual liberty and majoritarian democracy. Even though the rural fundamentalist majority legally banned teaching evolution i n 1925, the rise of modernism, started long before the trial, raised a critical question for rural Americans: should they publicly impose their religious beliefs upon individuals who believed more and more in science. Larson divides his account into three sections: before, during, and after. The first section carefully exposes the political struggle over individual rights hidden in the debate between science and religion. What emerge are the political views of the two opposing parties: William Jennings Bryan and the ACLU. William Jennings Bryan’s adherence to fundamental Christianity and creationism was only one part of his politics. He also believed that the state had a duty to ... ...e and technology with their religious beliefs. Summer for the Gods profoundly contributes to the scholarship of progressivism. The role of experts, legal reform, majoritarian democracy, modernism, and individual rights were all part of the progressive movement. The Scopes trial is the perfect test case to show how these progressive tenets were not coherently driving toward a single societal goal. William Jennings Bryan could claim to be a progressive as much as the leaders of the ACLU. Religion and science became the sticking points between progressives like Bryan who believed in majority rule and the ACLU whose very adherence to science and experts pushed them to favor individual freedom. While science lost the trial to religion, Larson shows how a fundamental shift to modernism produced the rise of individual rights and the decline of majoritarian democracy.

A Time to Kill Essay

A young black girl is walking down on a road on her way home from the store. Two white males in a truck drive up slowly behind her back and aggressively pick up the girl and rape her. She is found almost dead and rushed to the hospital. The two rapist was arrested and bring in to jail. On the way to the hearing right outside the courtroom, the father of the black girl steps out and fires 3 shot which killed the 2 suspects. The father was arrested and put into jail. The town is split into two sides. One side understands Carl because a lot of fathers would have done same thing in his situation, but on the othere side that contained most of the town people want him to be punished in the gas chamber. Jake Brigance, a young and idealistic, inexperience white lawyer is hired by a murderer, of the two rapist, who raped her daughter. Brigance an easy going liberal white lawyer in town, whose client always leaves without payment. Carl Lee Hailey, a black, charged of two counts of murder in the first degree, trapped in a judicial system that is greatly swayed by the racism of the world beyond. Jake Brigance as lead council, one of the few white southerners was given the impossible task proving that Mr. Hailey, innocent. Impossible, because of a mostly white county, and for a reason of win-at-all cost prosecutor, the racism and hypocrisy of the Mississippi citizens and judicial system. He intends to defend the accused with a plea of not guilty by insanity, trying to convince the jurors that Carl Lee had a momentary lapse in sanity after the rape incident. Jake Brigance becomes Hailey’s lawyer and realizes how complicated it is to deal with such a famous client. Jake and his wife, Carla are at first excited at first about seeking Jake on the news so much during pre-trial happenings. The excitement quickly ends. He has to fight against the District Attorney who wants to use this sensational issue to make him become famous. The case got national attention and a lot of different organizations get involved. Situation starts a lot of commotion with in the community, people who are against Jake defending Carl try to disappoint and hurt him and his family. In order to secure the welfare of his family they have to leave town. The trial begins amid much attention to the media and residents of the county- specifically the large black population. The highlight is when 2 psychologists on the defendant side and one on another. It was a big point for his client. He never gives up on Carl Lee’s case even if his life is at stake until the time came the final verdict. The courthouse is packed to see the attorneys’ closing speeches. Carl Lee comes out on the courtroom a free man. Jake Brigance is a person who wants change the judicial system, no matter what your race and what is the color of your skin justice should prevail. A father who wants to protect and seek justice for her daughter is a part of every human, that’s what Jake had felt so he accepted this case even if his client is black. In the final argument in the court which Jake’s character also believe that anybody who’s on his position would do exactly what his dealing. He believes that justice taking its natural place on earth. Jake feels compelled to take the case out of his conscience and guiltiness over an action he may have been able to stop, the shooting of the two white suspects. Jake a defender of the downtrodden, and despite to defend his client by any means possible, the fact that he knows that Carl Lee’s actions were premeditated is troubling for his character’s integrity. He believes that no matter how much the world tries to say they celebrate their diversity or look past the differences, you have to look no farther than a small county to see its truth. Jake and Carl became a good friend true and without prejudice.

Talent management and Internal marketing

Talent management and Internal marketing Free Online Research Papers Introduction Internal marketing and talent management have been a trend in companies for the recent decades. They are the fast gaining a top priority for organizations across the world and become the key of retention. Thus, researchers were interested in this development. The outcome in the organization such as engagement score, level of engagement over time, various levels of talent segments and department along with customers’ value about the organization were concerned in many research. Talent Management and Internal Marketing Definitions for Talent Management According to Lewis and Heckman, there are three definitions for talent management. First, they define talent management as recruiting, selection, development and career and succession management in the human resources department practices. Throughout this process, technology should play an important role to aid the development of the organisation. (Julia and Hughes, 2008) The second perspective for talent management is more or less the same as labour force planning. It manages the flow of workforce in the organization, based on the skills, supply and demand, and growth and attrition. (Julia and Hughes, 2008) The third concept focuses on the talent of an employee (skill and knowledge). Employee’s talent was often underestimated. Thus, employer must know how to align the right people to the right job based on strategic business objective. They must rectified and develop some skills that are relevant to the job. Their employee should reward employees with high potential or performance. (Julia and Hughes, 2008) Definitions for Internal Marketing Christopher stated that internal marketing is important as it focused on the needs of the customers. â€Å"Fundamental aims of internal marketing are to develop internal and external customer awareness and remove functional barriers to organizational effectiveness.† (Varey and Lewis, 1999) Thus, it shows that company will face problems such as employees’ poor performance arising from inferior service offering and higher costs commitment, due to lack of their participation. Internal marketing is a manner of communication management with clear tactic based on both studies and evaluation and personal skills development and responsibility. Human has unlimited needs and wants and they are not easily satisfied. Thus, the employee must satisfy their internal customer in order to satisfy the outer customers. (Varey and Lewis, 1999) It also defines as productivity through participation requiring leadership, processes and commitment from all. Internal marketing is able to prevent declining management standards as well as providing clear organisation and personal direction. (Varey and Lewis, 1999) For example, a cosmetic company set a regulation that all employees must use product that are produce by them. This is to make sure that all employees know the trend of company and experience more about the product in order to promote to others. Similarities and Differences of Talent Management and Internal marketing Both talent management and internal marketing considered as holistic approach to human resource. Their function is to develop, retain and motivate employee. These two techniques help to reduce the gap such as communication and provide a closer relationship between employee and employer. Moreover, they are expensive then implying in the organisation. When an organisation is applying talent management, employers treat employees as an asset because they believe employees are the source of income to the company. When employees are satisfied to the job because their talent is fully recognized and utilised wisely, the company is able to reach their goal and develop faster. Moreover, as the turnover rate reduces, the good internal environment of the company will be to the external people. Thus, more talents will be interested and attracted to serve the employer and company. On the other hand, the organisation is a market place where employee is both buyer and consumers in the implement of internal marketing. Gifts, free samples and discounts are available for the employees so they can understand more about the company’s product and services as well as create and deliver value to the external market. For example, employees will spread word of mouth about the benefit of the service or product provided to their friends and family. Conversely, employer is able to understand the trend in the market and control the quality of the product too. They are indirect control through involvement and participation. Implication Implication of Talent Management Different employees have their own skills and knowledge, which differentiates them from other employees and they is hard to replace. Thus, the company must appreciate them at all levels for employee retention and recruitment. Buzzelli, member of Deloitte Board of Directors, tries to understand and appreciate his employees, which are from different background and apply different ways of management. Thus, he is able to build an environment where his employees are proud to work for him. Moreover, Deloitte is able to attract more customer as it was believe that best employees will provide the best performance and service. (Cottrill, 2007) Talent management improves communications and leadership skills in the firm too; A good leader must be a good listener. Buzzelli has created an environment where managers pay attention to his employees. Thus, he is reliable to his people who always give him feedbacks that help him to understand their situation and eliminate barriers. (Cottrill, 2007) Despite high cost and challenges in maintaining talent in an organisation, talent management is still essential in providing a long-term sustainable platform for the growth of an organisation. Employees must know how to employ the right people in the right position. Conversely, Deloitte is diverse from the sex prospective, ethnic and age perspective and all they need is just the right people. (Cottrill, 2007) A company is unable able to provide the best service and build a good reputation unless they have the best people with right skill to meet the expectation of customer. According to Deloitte’s research, Generation Y does not work in companies whose objective does not align with theirs. The company must be responsive to the employee and the community to build a good example to his employees. The company will then give confidence to the people outside. (Cottrill, 2007) Implication of Internal Marketing Internal marketing is a basic for designing an appropriate motivation basic. The employees will be loyal and provide a higher productivity and output quality when they learn more about each other and share the same goal throughout the process of service. (Adrian, 1998) For an example, during the process of treatment, a nurse notice that she share the same objective with the doctor, like taking good care of the sick. They can do a good job as a team in the future. When employees are able to obtain the cheaper or free services that are provided in their organisation, they will participate enthusiastically. Thus, their involvement will help in improving the services. Comments and suggestion will be given on the service that they had encounter in order to improve their services and reduce production and internal transaction costs. The objective from the entire organisation is able to bring together in the organisation too. (Adrian, 1998) Internal Marketing is the cheapest and easiest way for advertising the services to the external market. When the internal customer is very satisfied to the service provided in the organisation, they will introduce their friends and family to the service factory via word of mouth. For example, the employee will bring his family to the clinic where he works as he has a good experience and treatment from his employer. (Adrian, 1998) This is a good strategy to improve open two-way communication between the employers and employees. Information in a company should pass down through and communicate back up again. Some important information in the organisation should be passing around so that rumours will not be passing around and employees will not feel underclass. On the other hand, communication helps to coordinate tasks between front line and support staff. In a legal firm, the researchers need to provide accurate information about the law so that the lawyer can win the court case. (Adrian, 1998) Build up strong connection between learning activity and knowledge renewal is done through internal marketing too. â€Å"Customer consciousness is developed through internal marketing and the learning and knowledge that come from that experience.† (Ballantyne, 2000) Internal customer has similar properties like external customers. Thus, enhancing internal marketplace performance where the outputs are express in different ways is important. (Adrian, 1998) Barriers Barriers for Talent Management In order to cope with the fast growing economy of a country, more professionals needed to provide support for the business environment. However, most places especially developing and undeveloped countries are lack of talent. In UK, four big firms were fighting among each other for the recruitment of qualified accountant. (Noraini, 2009) Most specialists are not motivated to work in rural areas due to poor facilities and living environment. For example, there is insufficient of specialist doctors in rural areas of Hindu. Although the salary increases to Rs. 50000 per month plus an addition of Rs. 10000 given as an incentive, doctors were still motivated to work in the rural areas in the State. (Shortage of doctors in State regretted, 2010) Some People do not enrol themselves to specialized services, as they do not seek to become a professional. They enrolled into those professional degrees program to obtain a higher academic qualification needed for their job advancement. There are many cases where an accounting graduate who did not continue their career as an accountant but only a manager. (Noraini, 2009) Companies need to invest heavily on salaries and wages for all the professionals in the organisation. Furthermore, these large amount salaries are use to attract talents to work in the organisation too. AICPA and state accounting societies have invested heavily and put in much effort to promote accounting as an attractive career option in US. (Noraini, 2009) Employees in this century have increase their unlimited needs and wants too. Some of them may resign and seek for a more interesting and challenging job or opt for early retirement. Thus, the companies are often blindsided and risk losing some of their talent. There was in case where an aerospace company where a midcareer technical manager who active and seek more in his career. He quit the job and started his own consulting firm. However, his bosses regretted and eventually hoping for his return. (Morison et al., 2008) Barriers for Internal Marketing It is difficult to show the similarities between internal and external market for service in the implement of internal marketing. â€Å"The internal customer is frequently a captive customer.† Employees were tied to the employment contract with the company and entitle to use the facilities available. Thus, it is necessary for them to use the service unit provided while the external customers can change their service provider to somewhere else whenever they are not satisfied. (Palmer, 1998) In an organization, internal customers are hard to differentiate in to different types of customers and differing their expectations. The marketing plan for that particular service will not be meet and may treat all external customers as homogeneous. i.e. All the government servants used the medication provided that is targeted for the low-income family because they are able to pay for the lowest cost. Thus, customer’s expectations and different internal customer segment must be explore, identify and evaluate. Hence, it will be help to maximize its effectiveness and able to apple on the external market. (Palmer, 1998) Moreover, some of the employee’s lifestyle will be change too. They are forces to change the service centre they used to go before. For example, some employee is use to go for medication in a particular clinic. The clinic has all the medications record for the employee. However, when they are force to go for the clinic that they work in, the new doctor do not know anything about this patient and he needs to do all the check up all over again. Employees in the organization only represent a small portion of the entire customer and consumer. The trend in the company may not represent the entire buyer as it only helps to understand organizational purchasing behaviour. Furthermore, they may mislead the company to a wrong direction. For instant, the employees would like to have an air flight to China but in the actual consumer demand, most customer love to go to Korea for a vacation. Customer satisfaction for the service provided is important and is seek as a competitive advantage for the company. However, it is not enough. Employers must be aware of the development of customer commitment by building a long-term relationship like building interdependencies, share values and mutually beneficial strategies. (Harrell and Fors, 1996) Conclusion Despite good strategy plan in an organization level to increase internal and external value through talent management and internal marketing, employers are able to help their people to balance their work and family work life. These strategies include flexible working hours, flexible work arrangement, prevent work overload, etc. References Books Palmer, Adrian, 1998, Principles of Services Marketing, 3rd ed., England, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Morison, Robert, Erickson, Tamara and Dychtwald, Ken, 2008, Harvard Business Review on Talent Management, US, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation E-Paper 2010, Shortage of doctors in State regretted, The Hindu, [online] available from hindu.com/2010/02/09/stories/2010020957240300.htm [Accessed 25th March 2010] Cottrill, Mike, 2007, Accouting and Consulting: Diversity of thought, Smart Business, [online] available from sbnonline.com/Local/Article/12992/75/0/Diversity_of_thought.aspx?Category=98[Accessed 7th April 2010] Internet Millar, Bill, 2007, Building an integrated talent management strategy [online], Oracle, Available from oracle.com/us/media/056894.pdf [Accessed 21th April 2010] E-Journals Annunzio-Green, Norma D’, 2008, Managing the talent management pipeline: Towards a greater understanding of senior managers perspectives in the hospitality and tourism sector, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), pp807-819, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0410200707.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Ballantyne, David, 2000, Internal relationship marketing: a strategy for knowledge renewal, International Journal of Bank, 18/6, pp274-286, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0320180602.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Ballantyne, David, 2003, A relationship-mediated theory of internal marketing, European Journal of Marketing, 37(9), pp1242-1260, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0070370905.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Bhatnagar, Jyotsna, 2007, Talent management strategy of employee engagement strategy of employee engagement in Indian ITES employees: key to retention, Employee Relations, 29(6), pp640-663, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0190290605.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Cahill, Dennis J., 1995, The managerial implications of the learning organization: a new tool for internal marketing, Journal of Services Marketing, 9(4), pp 42-51, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?Filename=/published/emeraldfulltextarticle/pdf/0750090404.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Deery, Magaret, 2008, Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), pp 792-806, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0410200706.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Harrell, Gilbert D. and Fors, Matthew F., 1996, Marketing services to satisfy internal customers, Logistics Information Management, 8(4), pp22-27, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0880080405.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Hughes, Julia Christensen and Rog, Evelina, 2008, Talent Management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20 (7), pp 744-746, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0410200703.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Noraini Mohd Nasir, Erlane K. Ghani, Jamaliah Said, 2009, Why do not accounting graduates want to become accountants?, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 5(5), pp59-65, [online] Available from accountant.org.cn/doc/acc200905/acc20090507.pdf [Accessed 26th March 2010] Rafiq, Mohammed and Ahmed, Pervaiz K., 2000, Advances in the internal marketing concept: definition, synthesis and extension, Journal of Services Marketing, 14(6), pp449-462, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0750140601.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Varey, Richard J. and Lewis, Barbara R., 1999, A broadened conception of internal marketing, European Journal of Marketing, 33 (9/10), pp 926-944, [online] Available from emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0070330908.pdf [Accessed 12th March 2010] Research Papers on Talent management and Internal marketingThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Sonnets 29 and 73 by Shakespeare

Sonnets 29 and 73 by Shakespeare One of the reasons why the sonnets of William Shakespeare are being often referred to, as such, that represent a particularly high literary/philosophical value, is that the themes and motives, contained in them, reflect the actual essence of people’s foremost existential anxieties (Edmonson and Wells 212).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnets 29 and 73 by Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This could not be otherwise, because by being exposed to many of Shakespeare’s sonnets, people are able to realize the sheer acuteness of their deep-seated desire to attain a social prominence, to find happiness in love and to confront the inevitability of death. In this paper, I will explore the validity of this suggestion, in regards to the Sonnets 29 and 73, while comparing and contrasting both of these masterworks, within the context of what accounts for the discursive significance of how they address the theme of people’s most pressing unconscious longings, mentioned earlier. It will not be much of an exaggeration to suggest that the main theme, explored in the Sonnet 29, has to do with the sensation of frustration that people get to experience, after having realized that they have failed in making their lives count, in the social sense of this word. The validity of this statement can be illustrated, in regards to the Sonnet’s initial lines, in which the author laments the fact that he is anything, but a socially respected individual: When in disgrace with fortune and mens eyes I all alone beweep my outcast state (1-2).Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After all, there can be only a few doubts that the allegory of ‘being in disgrace with fortune’ refers to one’s inability to gain the respect of other domination-seeking men. Nevertheless, there is still the spirit of positivity to the above-quoted lines, as they do extrapolate the author’s unconscious hope that the described emotional state, on his part, is temporary. After all, the very adverb ‘when’, used by the author, implies that there are also moments when the thoughts of being disfavored by fortune do not bother him. In this respect, the Sonnet 73 appears to differ rather substantially. The reason for this is that, while reflecting the author’s existential frustration, it makes a deliberate point in accentuating the frustration’s objectivity. Apparently, while writing it, Shakespeare remained thoroughly aware of the fact that it is specifically during the time of one’s youthful years that the concerned individual may have the expectations of a social advancement, in the first place. Allegorically speaking, in order to be in the position to compete with others for the place under the Sun, one must be Ã¢â‚¬Ë œfueled’ with youthfulness (Forrest 215). Therefore, the below-quoted lines from the Sonnet 73 can be well interpreted, as such, that reflect the author’s realization that, due to being no longer young and cheerful, he is doomed to spend the rest of his days in misery: In me thou seest the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie (9-10). It is needless to mention, of course, that in the discursive sense of this word, it alone makes the Sonnet 73 much gloomier than the Sonnet 29.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnets 29 and 73 by Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The legitimacy of the above-stated may also be shown, in regards to how both Sonnets tackle the theme of love. For example, even though in the Sonnet 29, Shakespeare does complain about the fact that is not quite worthy of the subject of his love, he simultaneously implies that the romantic sensation in question is more than capable of providing him with the chance to feel self-actualized: For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings (13-14). Once, a particular person attains the state of a self-actualization (such as by the mean of having succeeded in bringing about the state of union with the object of its romantic desire), he can no longer be considered prone to the thoughts of depression: Haply I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising (10-11). In its turn, this empowers such a person rather substantially. While discouraged from becoming preoccupied with self-reflecting, due his newly found happiness in love, he no longer experiences the sensation of frustration – hence, growing increasingly capable of adopting an active stance in life.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as it was mentioned earlier, it is specifically young people, who are being capable of not only enjoying love, but also of turning it into the actual source of their existential inspiration – older people experience love in the somewhat different manner. That is, instead of seeking to take practical advantage of love, as a life-empowering tool, they strive to enjoy the state of being romantically involved with another person, as a ‘thing in itself’. The above-mentioned directly relates to the way, in which Shakespeare proceeded to reflect upon his love-longings in the Sonnet 73. The rationale behind this suggestion is quite apparent. First, in this particular Sonnet, the author leaves only a few doubts, as to what happened to be his age: That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang (1-2). Apparently, Shakespeare wrote this Sonnet, while remaining fully acknowledged of his rather advanced years – the allego ry of ‘yellow leaves, or none’ does reflect the author’s awareness that his time on Earth is nearing its end. Second, Shakespeare points out to the fact that this is exactly the reason why his ‘lady of heart’ should be enjoying the experience of having fallen in love with him to the fullest. After all, according to the author, this experience will prove short-lived: This thou perceivst, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long (13-14). As opposed to what it is being the case with how the author went about expounding on the significance of his romantic feelings in the Sonnet 29, in the Sonnet 73 he ended up referring to the notion of love, as the actual purpose of one’s existence, and not as merely the mean of such an existence’s enhancement. Thus, it will be thoroughly appropriate, on our part, to suggest that the earlier analyzed Sonnets can be well regarded as being subliminal of what accounte d for the consequential phases of the author’s physically-driven intellectual maturation. Edmonson, Paul and Stanley Wells. â€Å"The Plurality of Shakespeare’s Sonnets.†Ã‚  Shakespeare Survey 65 (2012): 211-220. Print. Forrest, Simon. â€Å"Young Men in Love: The (Re)making of Heterosexual Masculinities Through ‘Serious’ relationships.† Sexual Relationship Therapy 25.2 (2010): 206-218. Print. Shakespeare, William. Sonnet 29. Web. shakespeares-sonnets.com/sonnet/29 Shakespeare, William. Sonnet 73. Web. shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/73detail.html

Gentrification in Park Slope Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gentrification in Park Slope - Research Paper Example Gentrification occurs when the middle class people move into the lower income resident of the neighborhood leading to displacement and changes basic character and flavor of the neighborhood (Angotti 4). The paper will focus on the causes, effects and control measures for gentrification. Its notable that gentrification comes with both economic benefits and adverse effects as some households face displacements. The gentrification of Park Slope is particularly far from new incident and has been in progress for decades. Gentrification in Park Slope is characterized by displacement free zone, which is an attempt to have the existing residents kept in their places. Gentrification in Park Slope summarizes all the market polarization, failures, and injustice that shaped life in Park Slope communities. Based on statistical analysis of housing surveys, gentrification in Park Slope was never a boost for anyone. Gentrification challenged the conventional experience through illustrating renters w ho are disadvantaged living in gentrifying neighborhoods have lower mobility rates compared to the renters in the non-gentrifying regions. Conditions that were brought by gentrification in Park Slope provided incentives for the poor renters so as to remain in their homes in the face of higher burdens and other rent stresses (Harvey, 8). Gentrification in the Park Slope has led to economic and social changes that are widely visible. In this case, it cannot be referred to urban generation because it leads to displacements of the neighborhood specifically on a large scale while the latter is the movement of high income households on a small scale of vacant buildings and land. According to Slater (12), gentrification occurs in places that have experienced low manufacturing employment, increase in service and entrance of women in the job market where the middle-income earners with the preference of an urban living move to low-income residents’ neighborhood. The case of John Jay Co llege illustrated the effect of gentrification in schools. The focus was specifically on areas such as: student body composition, disciplinary climate, organizational climate, and academic organization. These areas have seen a long term effect of gentrification especially in John Jay College where gentrifies with children kept their children out of John Jay College, figuring out a way to place their children in schools outside the catchment area, or instead opting for private schools. This resulted into impacts on potential fragmentation and social integration of the social fabric in the neighborhood. The Gentrification process in Park Slope is also likely to affect the urban residents living near the central business districts with affordable well architecture residential houses since they are not economically and politically muscled as the gentrifiers. The entrance of the gentrifiers into these neighborhoods leads to rising of house prices as the middle-income households come with a huge appetite for spending, forcing the existing businesses in the neighborhood to improve their services. This leads to low-income household to move out to places they can afford since they had settled there because of cheap rent and proximity to the employment opportunities. These households had settled there due to convenience in that the same class of people also found it favorable to their circumstances (Smith, 1). Lower-income households that live in these